Vacuum polarization radiative correction to the parity violating electron scattering on heavy nuclei

Experimental investigations of the proton ρp(r) and neutron ρn(r) densities in heavy nuclei are very important for testing of various nuclear models. The densities are also important for many applications like, for example, precise calculations of atomic parity nonconservation. While the charge distribution (proton density) is known pretty well mainly due to data on the elastic electron scattering, the determination of the neutron density with a good accuracy is a very complicated problem [1]. It was suggested by Donnelly et al [2] to use parity violation (PV) in the electronnucleus scattering to determine the neutron distribution. The idea behind this suggestion is that the mediator of the weak interaction, Z-boson, interacts mainly with neutrons. The parity violating asymmetry is defined as